In bridge terminology, what does "superstructure" primarily refer to?

The term "superstructure" in bridge terminology specifically refers to the components of the bridge that are situated above the foundation and are responsible for supporting the load of the traffic and transferring that load down to the supporting elements such as piers and abutments. This includes elements such as girders, beams, decks, and trusses that make up the upper part of the bridge and are crucial for its functionality and structural integrity.

Understanding this term is vital in the context of bridge design and construction, as it differentiates the superstructure from the substructure, which comprises the parts of the bridge below the deck level, including the foundations that bear the weight of the superstructure. Recognizing this distinction helps engineers and planners focus on the specific roles and responsibilities of different bridge components in ensuring safety and performance under various loads and environmental conditions.