In civil engineering, what is the term used for the component that supports the horizontal beams?

The correct term for the component that supports horizontal beams in civil engineering is a column. Columns are vertical structural elements that bear loads from beams and slabs, transferring forces down to the foundation. They provide essential structural support for buildings and other structures, allowing for the distribution of weight and stability.

Beam seats are specific structural features that may support the ends of beams, but they are not the primary support mechanism. A wall is a vertical element that can also support loads but typically serves other purposes such as enclosing space. Braces are designed to provide lateral support and stability, often used in conjunction with columns and beams but do not directly support beams themselves.

Understanding these distinctions is critical for interpreting structural plans accurately and recognizing how different elements work together in construction.