What is the component of a bridge that is not included in the substructure?

The component of a bridge that is not included in the substructure is the superstructure. The substructure typically consists of the parts of the bridge that support the superstructure and transfer loads to the ground. This includes elements such as the foundation, piers, and abutments.

In contrast, the superstructure is the portion of the bridge that directly supports traffic and includes components such as the deck, girders, and beams. Since the superstructure is designed to carry the load of vehicles and pedestrians, it serves a different function from the substructure, which primarily provides stability and support. Understanding these distinctions is important for recognizing how bridges are designed and built to ensure safety and functionality.