What is the primary structural element at the ends of a bridge that connects to the earth?

The primary structural element at the ends of a bridge that connects to the earth is abutments. Abutments serve as crucial support structures that bear the load of the bridge deck and transfer these loads to the ground. They also help resist horizontal forces that the bridge may experience, such as those caused by wind or seismic activity.

Abutments are typically designed to hold back earth fill, prevent erosion, and provide stability to the structure they support. Their role is vital in ensuring that the bridge is properly anchored and secure at its terminus points. Understanding the function of abutments is essential in bridge engineering, as they form a critical transition between the bridge structure and the underlying ground, providing the foundation required for the bridge to operate effectively and safely over its lifespan.