Which part of the bridge provides the framework for supporting loads?

The correct choice is the superstructure, as it plays a crucial role in supporting the loads on a bridge. The superstructure is the portion of the bridge that rests above the substructure and is designed to carry the traffic loads, distributing the weight of vehicles and other loads onto the supports below. This includes components such as beams, girders, and trusses that work together to ensure stability and load distribution across the entire structure.

The deck, while important for providing a surface for vehicles and pedestrians, is part of the overall superstructure and does not independently support loads. The substructure, which consists of piers and abutments, supports the superstructure but does not directly provide the framework for load-bearing. The cap refers to the top portion of a pier or abutment, offering a point of support for the superstructure but is not the primary framework itself. Therefore, the superstructure is the foundational framework specifically responsible for supporting the loads on a bridge.