Which term refers to collective areas defined by both township and range in surveying?

The term that refers to collective areas defined by both township and range in surveying is townships. Townships in the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) are a way of dividing land into squares that are typically six miles on each side. A township can contain a number of sections, which are one square mile each. This method of land division is crucial for accurately surveying and identifying land plots, particularly in the United States.

In this system, each township is specified by its position relative to a particular principal meridian and baseline, making it easy to locate and reference parcels of land. Townships play a vital role in land ownership and government land sales, as they provide a standardized framework for mapping and distributing land.

The other options do not accurately define the areas created in conjunction with township and range. Districts and regions can refer to broader areas without the specific application to surveying measurements, while landmarks are physical features used for navigation or identification, not defined land areas.